![]() This article examines hierarchy as an organizational form and argues that, despite the recent attention devoted to networks, it remains a core feature of politics at all levels. ![]() How can we best facilitate cooperation? Who gets what and why? Substantively, explaining organizational form promises better answers to the perennial questions of politics. Methodologically, to the extent that we believe institutions matter in politics, by ignoring the causes of organizations and organizational variation we also risk misattributing to institutions the effects of underlying causal variables. Forms of political organization have some intrinsic interest for political scientists. International politics is also commonly (albeit mistakenly, I shall argue) understood to be anarchic and devoid of authority. However, cooperatives, social movements, transgovernmental networks, and transnational advocacy networks are nonhierarchically-even anarchically-ordered. Clans and other traditional groups, labor unions, most nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and many other politically engaged social institutions are also organized as hierarchies. Empires, spheres of influence, states, governments, political parties, and other political entities are all more or less hierarchically structured. ![]() Hierarchy is a nearly ubiquitous form of political organization. ![]()
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